Furthermore, their optimal dosage level and treatment strategies still need to be determined. Halliwell B. Antioxidants in human health and disease. Star AE, Mabry TJ. (1996) have shown that L. japonicum has antiviral effects against the Sindbis virus. Maidenhair fern is very good for diabetic patients as it helps in lowering the blood sugar level.10. The secondary metabolites, flavonoids, have anti-inflammatory properties through the inhibition of the cyclo oxygenase (COX) pathway (Liang et al., 1999). 0000041220 00000 n Dictionary.com Unabridged. Table Table22 summarizes the antioxidant activity of pteridophytes. McCutcheon AR, Roberts TE, Gibbons E, et al. A niche is a place or function of an organism within an ecosystem (Dictionary.com). Vol. (Otsuka et al., 1972), Cheilanthes farinosa (Yonathan et al., 2006), Cyathea gigantea (Fig. (Fig.4f)4f) (Wu et al., 2005), P. multifida (Lee and Lin, 1988), Dryopteris sp. There are two different classifications of ferns: the monilophytes and the pteridophytes. Fronds of B. orientale ground in cows milk are used in the treatment of asthma, as antibacterials and anthelmintics, and to improve fertility in women. Constituents of fern, Dalli AK, Saha G, Chakraborty U. Chracterization of antimicrobial compounds from a common fern. Grierson DS, Afolayan AJ. 25.4 Seedless Vascular Plants - Biology 2e | OpenStax vol. The sori hold the spores and are the brown linear lines in this image. The sperm have to swim to the eggs, so the gametophytes need to be in a very moist environment (The Plant List, 2010). Useful pteriophytes of kumaon central Himalaya, India. Leaves of A. philippense are used to cure fever, cough, asthma, leprosy, and hair loss, while whole plants of B. orientale are used in anathematic and typhoid treatments. Linear Sori. A younger fern is pictured on the left while an older fern is pictured on the right. Chemical constituents of. (Fig.4b)4b) are applied externally to hemorrhoids, and fronds are taken for liver problems. (Fig.3e)3e) were shown to have cytotoxic and antimutagenic effects due to the presence of bioflavonoids (Lee and Lin, 1988; Silva et al., 1995; Sun et al., 1997; Lee et al., 1999; Lin et al., 2000; Su et al., 2000; Chen JJ et al., 2005; Gayathri et al., 2005; Woo et al., 2005; Gao et al., 2007; Shi et al., 2008; Tan et al., 2009), while Pteris semipinnata (Fig. Several studies have been carried out to explore the antimicrobial activity of ferns such as Nephrolepis acuminata (Jimenez et al., 1979), Davallia sodila, Lygodium reticulatum (Cambie and Ash, 1994), Marattia fraxinea (de Boer et al., 2005), Sphenomeris chinensis (Sengupta et al., 2002), A. caudatum, Adiantum peruvianum, A. venustum, Adiantum incisum, Adiantum latifolium, and Ampelopteris prolifera (Banerjee and Sen, 1980; Lakshmi et al., 2006; Lakshmi and Pullaiah, 2006; Singh et al., 2008a), P. aquilinum (Francisco and Driver, 1984), Nephrolepis sp. Cobb, B. Retrieved from: http://mycorrhizas.info/evol.html, Ecological niche. Antibacterial activity of plants in traditional medicine of Ghana, with particular reference to MRSA. (Fig.4e)4e) is used to cure skin diseases, rheumatism, sprains, scabies, eczema, cut wounds, and rheumatism, and as an expectorant. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of the global population still depends on ethnomedicinal practices for treating their illnesses (Gurib-Fakim, 2006). Brundrett, Mark C. Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants. New phytologist 154.2 (2002): 275-304. American Fern Society. Arsenic can enter the environment through human activities and is commonly found in pesticide, dyes, and wood preservatives. Not all ferns have indusium. This is what the male gamete, the sperm, travel into for fertilization. (Fig.5c)5c) displays antiviral activity against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza type 3 virus (PIV3) (Ma et al., 2003). Effects of heavy metals on growth and arsenic accumulation in the arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. Environmental pollution 132.2 (2004): 289-296, McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E. Westerners generally eschew ferns as a food. (Climbing fern) Climbing fern is known as it can climb trees, shrubs and related Q: GIve any thoughts or conclusion about vascular plants. Ferns are known as homosporous plants since their spores are all roughly the same size and they all perform the same function (UPenn.edu). It is prepared from the rhizomes of various ferns, namely D. fortunei (Kze.) The four daughter cells are haploid which means they contain only one set of chromosomes. Bremner P, Heinrich M. Natural products as targeted modulators of the nuclear factor B pathway. In closing, an overview of the most important taxa of Permian ferns of Angaraland and its adjacent regions is given, supported by evidence on some Carboniferous and Triassic ferns as well. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and. Cambie RC, Ash J. Fijian Medicinal Plants. High arsenic levels in soils have become a problem since arsenic-related health problems are increasing all over the world. Dictionary.com Unabridged. (Fig.3f),3f), Osmunda japonica, A. pedatum, Pyrrosia lingua, L. japonicum (Fig. endobj We have listed here the medicinal uses . Cai Y, Luo Q, Sun M, et al. Biotechnological tools can be used to preserve and even improve their bioactive molecules for the preparation of medicines against illness. Compliance with ethics guidelines: Xavier-ravi BASKARAN, Antony-varuvel GEO VIGILA, Shou-zhou ZHANG, Shi-xiu FENG, and Wen-bo LIAO declare that they have no conflict of interest. Plant-originated glycoprotein, G-120, inhibits the growth of MCF-7 cells and induces their apoptosis. In . These rhizoids are like miniature roots that serve to anchor the gametophyte and gain nutrients. -glucopyranoside, apigenin, luteolin, naringenin-7-O--D-neohesperidoside, apigenin-7-O--D-neohespedoside, apigenin-4'-O--L-rhamnopyranoside, (2S,3S)-pterosin C, isovanillic acid, ferulic acid, 2,16-dihydroxy-ent-kaurane 2-O--D-glucoside, 2,6,15-trihydroxy-ent-kaur-16-ene, 9-hydroxy-15-oxo-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, 19-D-glucoside, 2,14,15,16,17-pentahydroxy-ent-kaurane, and 9-hydroxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (Gong et al., 2007; Ouyang et al., 2008). The lycophyte Selaginella sp. A Natural History of Ferns. In closing, an overview of the most important taxa of Permian ferns of Angaraland and its adjacent regions is given, supported by evidence on some Carboniferous and Triassic ferns as well. 0000020149 00000 n Sm., P. coronans (Wall. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In: Venketeshwer R (Ed. (2007) Importance of ferns in human medicine. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 2007.1: 26. The Palauan and Yap Medicinal Plant Studies of, Delaporte RH, Sanchez GM, Cuellar AC, et al. Tree ferns. Winrow VR, Winyard PG, Morris CJ, et al. Timber Press. Retrieved from http://www.genetics.org/content/142/3/973.full.pdf, Pearson Education. Natural products are often easily available, with high clinical effectiveness and few side effects. Color illustrations of medicinal pteridophytes: (a) Equisetum ramosissimum; (b) Asplenium bulbiferum; (c) Pteris semipinnata; (d) Woodwardia orientalis; (e) Lygodium flexuosum; (f) Pteris ensiformis. Hopefully the next time you look at a fern, you will remember everything that they do. These toxins are still present in the young ferns, but in lesser amounts. When we look out into the spring landscape, we see trees getting their leaves and flowers starting to bloom. Oliveira VB, Zuchetto M, Oliveira CF, et al. Zangara A. Yilmaz Y, Toledo RT. Mitra N. Flavonoids in some Iranian angiosperms. (Fig.5a)5a) and D. linearis for their wound healing activity (Santhosh et al., 2014). Our modern ferns still have uses for us today. Although there are more than 12 000 species of pteridophytes distributed all over the world, few have been evaluated for their phytochemicals and their pharmacological properties. Tree ferns. Scale: ~1 mm. Both the whole plant and mature spores of Lygodium japonicum are used for medical purposes in traditional Chinese medicine. Selagoline, a new alkaloid from. . Education Stories Donate Ecosystem 101: The role of ferns If you've ever visited a temperate rainforest in B.C.on the coast or in the interioryou may have marveled at all of the ferns. Singh (1999) documented antibacterial and antifungal activity of Botrychum lanuginosum, Dryopteris cochleata, N. cordifolia, Polystichum molluscens, Polystichum squarrosum, Salvinia radicata, Sphaerostephanos unitus, S. palustris, P. cretica, and P. vittata. Jain SK. Brundrett, M. (2008). Silva GL, Chai H, Gupta MP, et al. Primitive ferns like the wisk fern (Psilotum)and the horsetail fern (Equisetum) species have subterranean gametophytes that have Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM) associations. About ferns. This led to the destruction of many populations of tree ferns in tropical locations (Reference.com). Thread-like appendage of certain cells, such as sperm cells, which controls their locomotion. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Free radicals in inflammation: second messengers and mediators of tissue destruction. Retrieved on 12 Feb. 2015 fromhttp://www.theplantlist.org/browse/P/, United States Department of Agriculture. Study of the extract from Pteris multifida Poir. American Fern Society. Humans are causing the sixth one now, in part by digging up the carbon that ferns sequestered and putting CO2 back into the atmosphere. -Caryophyllene, linalool, geranial and -terpinene have also been isolated from the angiosperms Citrus and Croton flavens, revealing antitumour and antioxidant properties (Choi et al., 2000; Sylvestre et al., 2006). A decoction of roots and fronds of D. quercifolia is used as a tonic for the bowels, and aqueous extracts of the rhizomes are applied to wounds and cuts (Anonymous, 1952, 1986; Singh, 1973; Islam, 1983; Jain, 1991). Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. 34 0 obj Chen IN, Chang CC, Wang CY, et al. Conifers and flowering plants evolved to survive hostile, dry conditions. Antioxidant activities and polyphenol contents of six folk medicinal ferns used as Gusuibu, Chang HC, Agrawal DC, Kuo CL, et al. Thus, there is abundant motivation to find new drugs with anti-inflammatory properties and fewer side effects, especially from plants used in folk medicine. Humans can use ferns as ornaments, or use the tree ferns to help build structures. Moran, Robin C. (2004). RP-HPLC analysis of the phenolic compounds of plant extracts. 1. The study of traditions and uses of plants as medicine in different cultures is known as ethnobotany (Dictionary.com). BloodRed blood cells contain hemoglobin which is a protein that helps in carrying oxygen to the body. (Fig.5f)5f) (de Feo, 2003), Polypodium spp. 26 0 obj Retrived from: http://www.home.aone.net.au/~byzantium/ferns/about.html. Mutualistic symbiosis means that these two organisms live together and each benefit from the other. The rhizomes are a specialized root structure that draws up nutrients from the soil. Natural products inhibiting, Zhao Z, Jin J, Ruan J, et al. Ferns are classified by their vascular tissue, spore production, and lack of flowers and seeds. 28 0 obj Methanol extracts of Pityrogramma calomelanos, D. quercifolia, and D. linearis exhibit antitumour and cytotoxic activity (Sukumaran and Kuttan, 1991; Shin and Lee, 2010; Zakaria et al., 2011; Milan et al., 2013). . endobj Susceptibility of fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida sp. 0000006010 00000 n Campos AR, Lima JRC, Uchoa DE, et al. Moreover, three divisions of the flavonoid pathway well-known in the bryophytes are also found in pteridophytes including procyanidins, prodelphinidins, and flavonols like kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin (Markham, 1988). Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Anti-tumor-promoting activities of triterpenoids from ferns.